关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)（已废止）
对外贸易经济合作部
关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)
1995年4月4日，外经贸部
为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资性公司（以下简称投资公司）。
第一条 本规定中投资公司系指外国投资者在中国以独资或与中国投资者合资的形式设立的从事直接投资的公司。公司形式为有限责任公司。
第二条 申请设立投资公司应符合下列条件：
（一）1、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，申请前一年该投资者的资产总额不低于4亿美元，且该投资者在中国境内已设立了外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过1000万美元，并有三个以上拟投资项目的项目建议书已获得批准，或者：
2、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，该投资者在中国境内已设立了10个以上从事生产或基础设施建设的外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过3000万美元；
（二）以合资方式设立投资公司的，中国投资者应为资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，其资产总额不低于1亿元人民币；
（三）投资公司的注册资本不低于3000万美元。
第三条 申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
（一）设立合资的投资公司的项目建议书、投资各方签署的可行性研究报告、合同、章程；
设立独资的投资公司外国投资者签署的项目建议书、外资企业申请表、可行性研究报告、章程；
（二）投资各方的资信证明文件、注册登记证明文件（复印件）和法人代表证明文件（复印件）；
（三）外国投资者已投资企业的批准证书（复印件）、营业执照（复印件）和中国注册会计师出具的验资报告（复印件）；
（四）投资各方近三年的资产负债表；
（五）外经贸部要求的其他文件。
上述文件除已注明为复印件的，一律应为正式文件。
非法定代表人签署文件的，应出具法定代表人的委托授权书。
委托依法设立的中介机构代为办理申请手续的，应出具由投资者法定代表人签署的委托授权书。
第四条 外国投资者须以可自由兑换的货币作为投资公司注册资本的出资，中国投资者可以人民币出资。出资应在营业执照签发之日起两年内全部缴清。
第五条 投资公司经批准可以经营以下部分或全部业务：
（一）在国家鼓励和允许外商投资的工业、农业、基础设施、能源等领域进行投资；
（二）投资公司可受其所投资企业的书面委托（经董事会一致通过），向其提供下列服务：
1、协助或代理其所投资的企业从国内外采购该企业自用的机器设备、办公设备和生产所需的原材料、元器件、零部件和在国内外销售其所投资企业生产的产品，并提供售后服务；
2、在外汇管理部门的同意和监督下，在其所投资企业之间平衡外汇；
3、协助其所投资企业招聘人员并提供技术培训、市场开发及咨询；
4、协助其所投资企业寻求贷款及提供担保。
（三）投资公司为其投资者提供咨询服务。
第六条 本规定第五条第二款所述投资公司所投资企业系指：
（一）投资公司直接投资或与其他外国投资者和／或中国投资者共同投资，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的出资占所投资设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业；
（二）投资公司将其投资者或其关联公司及其他外国投资者在中国境内已投资设立的企业的股权部分或全部收购，而使投资公司以及其他外国投资者的出资额占该已设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业。
除经外经贸部特殊批准，投资公司只能为以上所述的其所投资设立的企业提供第五条第二款所规定的服务。
投资公司不能代替其投资者在中国从事贸易中介服务。
第七条 经中国人民银行批准，投资公司可向其所投资设立的企业提供财务支持。
第八条 根据投资公司拟设立的项目性质，按照国家有关外商投资企业经营期限的规定核定投资公司的期限。
第九条 投资公司投资设立企业，按外商投资企业的审批权限及审批程序另行报批。
第十条 投资公司投资设立企业，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的外汇投资比例不低于其所投资设立企业的注册资本的25％的，其所投资的企业享受外商投资企业待遇，发给外商投资企业批准证书和外商投资企业营业执照。
第十一条 符合本规定第二条第（一）款第1项所规定条件的外国投资者可以其全资拥有的子公司的名义出资设立投资公司。
第十二条 申请设立投资公司的投资者须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其所设立的投资公司在中国境内投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
以全资拥有的子公司的名义设立投资公司的，其母公司须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其子公司按审批机关批准的条件完成对其所设立投资公司注册资本的出资并保证该投资公司在中国境内所投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
第十三条 投资公司在中国境内的投资活动不受公司注册地点的限制。
第十四条 投资公司的税收按中国有关法律、法规办理。
第十五条 投资公司应切实履行项目投资计划，并将每一年度的投资情况于下一年度的前三个月内报外经贸部备案。
第十六条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业是彼此独立的法人或实体，其业务往来应按独立企业之间业务往来关系处理。
第十七条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业应遵守中国的法律、法规，不得采用任何手段逃避管理和纳税。
第十八条 台湾、香港和澳门地区的投资者在大陆投资举办投资公司的，准用本规定。
第十九条 本规定由对外贸易经济合作部负责解释。
第二十条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Eco-nomic Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by ForeignInvestors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
Whole document
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by Foreign
Investors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce
foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors
are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to
as "investment company") in China in accordance with the Chinese laws and
regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.
Article 1
For the purpose of these Regulations, the term "Investment Company"
means a company that is engaged in direct investment and established by
foreign investors in China in the form of either a wholly foreign owned
enterprise or an equity joint venture with Chinese investors. The
investment company shall take the form of a limited liability company.
Article 2
To apply for approval to establish an investment company, the
following conditions shall be fulfilled:
(1)
(a) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
total amount of the investor's assets during the year preceding the
application being no be less than US $ 400 million, and the investor
having already established foreign-invested enterprise (s) within the
territory of China; and the amount of the investor's actually paid-in
capital contribution to the registered capital thereof exceeding US $ 10
million. Furthermore, more than three project proposals of the investor's
intended investment projects have been approved; or
(b) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
investor have already established more than 10 foreign-invested
enterprises in the people's Republic of China which are engaged in
production or infrastructure construction, and the total amount of the
investor's actually paid-in capital contribution to the registered capital
thereof exceeding US $ 30 million.
(2) In case the investment company is to be established in the form of
an Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, the Chinese investor shall have
good creditability and the economic strength necessary for the
establishment of such company, and the total amount of the Chinese
investor's assets shall not be less than RMB100 million. and
(3)the registered capital of the investment company being not be less
than US $ 30 million.
Article 3
To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor
shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as "MOFTEC") for examination
and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign
trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province,
autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or
the municipalities specifically listed in the State economic plan in which
the investment company is to be located:
(1) If an investment company is to be established in the form of an
equity joint venture: the project proposal for the establishment of the
investment company, and the feasibility study, contract and articles of
association signed jointly by the parties to the investment company; or
If an investment company is to be established in the form of a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise: the project proposal, the wholly foreign-owned
enterprise application form, the feasibility study and articles of
association signed by the foreign investor.
(2) the creditability certificate for each investing party, the
registration certificate (duplicate) and the legal representative
certificate (duplicate);
(3)the approval certificate (s) (duplicate) for the enterprise (s)
already invested by the foreign investor, the business license (s)
(duplicate) and the capital verification report (duplicate) issued by
certified public accountants registered in China;
(4)the balance sheet of each investing party for the previous 3 years;
and
(5)other documents as required by MOFTEC.
All of the aforesaid documents shall be in the original except those
specified as duplicate.
In case the documents are to be signed by a non-legal representative,
a power of attorney issued by the legal representative shall be submitted.
In case the investor entrusts a lawfully established intermediary for
the application formalities, a power of attorney signed by the legal
representative of the investor shall be submitted.
Article 4
The foreign investor shall make its capital contribution to the
registered capital of the investment company in a freely convertible
currency. The Chinese investor may make its capital contribution in
Renminbi. All the capital contribution shall be paid in full within 2
years after the date of issuance of the business license.
Article 5
An investment company, upon approval, may be engaged in part or all
of the following business:
(1)To invest in fields such as industry, agriculture, infrastructure,
energy, etc., to the extent that foreign investment is encouraged or
permitted by the State;
(2)With written entrustment by enterprises with its investment (with
the unanimous approval by the board of directors), an investment company
may provide the following services for such enterprises:
(a)to assist, or act as agent for such enterprises in purchasing
domestically or overseas the machinery, equipment and office appliances
for their own use, and raw materials, components, and parts as being used
by the enterprises for their own production purpose, as well as to
distribute at both domestic and international markets the products
produced by the enterprises with its investment, and to provide
after-sales services;
(b)to balance foreign exchange revenue and expenditure among the
enterprises with its investment with the consent and under the supervision
of the foreign exchange administration authorities;
(c)to assist the enterprises with its investment in the recruitment
and employment of personnel and to provide technical training, market
development and consulting; and
(d) to assist the enterprises with its investment to seek loans and to
provide guarantees. and
(3)An investment company may provide consulting services for its
investors.
Article 6
For the purpose of Item 2, Article 5 of these regulations, enterprises
with investment from the investment company mean:
(1)the enterprises in which an investment company invests directly or
jointly with other foreign investors and/ or Chinese investors, and the
capital contribution of the investment company or of the investment
company together with other foreign investors, accounts for more than
twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of such enterprises already
established; and
(2)the enterprises already established within the territory of China
in which the capital contribution of the investment company and other
foreign investors account for more than twenty-five per cent of the
registered capital of such an enterprise as a result of purchasing part or
all of the shares from its investors, or its affiliated companies or other
foreign investors.
Unless otherwise specifically approved by MOFTEC, an investment
company can only provide services specified in Item 2, Article 5 hereof
for the enterprises with its investment as described above.
An investment company shall not be engaged in intermediary business
service related to trade in China on behalf of its investor(s).
Article 7
Upon the approval by the People's Bank of China, an investment company
may provide financial support for the enterprises with its investment.
Article 8
The term of operation of an investment company shall be examined and
approved in accordance with the relevant state regulations on the term of
operation of foreign-invested enterprises and on the basis of the nature
of the projects intended to be established by the Investment Company.
Article 9
The establishment of an enterprise in which an investment company
invests shall be separately submitted for approval in accordance with the
limits of approval authorization and the approval procedures for the
examination and approval of foreign-invested enterprises.
Article 10
An enterprise established by an investment company whose foreign
exchange investment solely made or together with other foreign investors
is not less than twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of the
enterprise shall enjoy the treatment of a foreign-invested enterprise, and
be issued a foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate and
foreign-invested enterprise business license.
Article 11
A foreign investor, fulfilling the conditions specified in Article 2
Item 1 (a), may contribute capital to and establish an investment company
in the name of its wholly-owned subsidiary.
Article 12
An investor that applies for approval to establish an investment
company shall submit a guarantee letter to the examination and approval
authorities in which it guarantees the capital contribution to the
registered capital and technology transfer by the investment company to
the enterprise(s) to be established when such investment company invests
within the territory of China.
In case an investment company is established in the name of its
wholly-owned subsidiary, the parent company shall provide such a guarantee
letter to the examination and approval authorities in which it guarantees
the capital contribution to the registered capital of the investment
company to be established by its subsidiary in accordance with the
conditions as approved by the examination and approval authorities, as
well as the capital contribution by the investment company to the
registered capital of and the technology transfer to the enterprise (s) to
be established when it invests within the territory of China.
Article 13
The investment activities by an investment company within the
territory of China shall not be limited to the place of its registration.
Article 14
Matters concerning the taxation of an investment company shall be
handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of China.
Article 15
An Investment Company shall actually implement its project investment
plan, and its investment situation of the previous year shall be filed
with MOFTEC within the first 3 months of each year.
Article 16
An investment company and the enterprises established with its
investment shall be legal persons or entities independent of each other.
Their business transactions shall be dealt with as normal business
transaction between independent enterprises.
Article 17
An investment company as well as the enterprises established with its
investment shall abide by the laws and regulations of China, and shall not
escape from being administrated and evade paying taxes by any means.
Article 18
These Regulations are applicable as a measure of reference to
investors from the regions of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao carrying out
investment and establishing investment companies in the mainland.
Article 19
The interpretation of these Regulations shall be vested in the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 20
These Regulations shall be implemented as of the date of their
promulgation.
内容摘要：民事案件由于法律规定的审判期限相对较长，且初次延长审限的权限在本级法院，审判人员对及时审理民事案件在参与社会管理中所起的作用认识不足，对均衡结案缺乏自觉性，对超审限的现象放任，致使很多民事案件不能在法律规定的审限内结案。导致不能均衡结案的原因，除了“前松后紧”的思维定势，年终人为控制立案等人为因素，以及部分法院案多人少（包括行政人员多审判人员少）的客观情况以外，还有以下几种：一是没有均衡立案，二是没有均衡排期；三是任意延期；四是庭前准备不充分，导致一案多次开庭，影响审判效率；五是案卷移交不及时。
关键词：民事案件 均衡结案 审判
刑事和行政案件，由于法律规定的审判期限短，加之延长审限的权限不在本级法院，所以绝大多数案件都能在法律规定的审限内结案。而民事案件由于法律规定的审判期限相对较长，且初次延长审限的权限在本级法院，所以审判人员对及时审理民事案件在参与社会管理中所起的作用认识不足，对均衡结案缺乏自觉性，对超审限的现象放任，致使很多民事案件不能在法律规定的审限内结案，还有很多案件虽然在法律规定的审限内结案但实际审理天数接近审限，与案件本身的疑难程度不成正比。由于没有将均衡结案常态化，法院往往在年终将至时突出结案，从而陷入“年初放松、年底拼命”的惯圈。正所谓“少壮不努力、老大徒伤悲”，时间仓促致使审判质量下降、调解率下降，上诉、信访案件数量上升，影响了法院的司法公信力。导致不能均衡结案的原因，除了“前松后紧”的思维定势，年终人为控制立案等人为因素，以及部分法院案多人少（包括行政人员多审判人员少）的客观情况以外，还有以下几种：一是没有均衡立案，二是没有均衡排期；三是任意延期；四是庭前准备不充分，导致一案多次开庭，影响审判效率；五是案卷移交不及时。
一、立案不均衡
集中不予立案势必导致后面的突击立案，甚至导致年终的结案率低下。如果始终保持均衡结案，根本不用担心年终达不到结案率。除了“前松后紧”的思维定势，年终人为控制立案等因素外，还有一种影响均衡立案的因素就是人情因素。在审判阶段要杜绝人情案，在立案、排期阶段也要杜绝人情案。如果根据当事人的说情，将某个案件尽早立案、尽早排期开庭甚至插队排期，而将某个案件拖延立案、延迟排期开庭。个别案件需要冷处理的，一来不具有普通性，不影响大局；二来属于办案艺术，不宜枉加指责，但应当注意掌握必要的限度，必须在法律规定的期限内进行。领导对立案工作不宜下达过多宏观指令，使立案人员陷入立与不立的两难境地。
要杜绝这一点，本人认为首要的就是严格规范立案程序，加强立案阶段的群众监督和检察监督。立案部门应当在诉讼法规定的立案审查期内决定立案或者不予立案，不予立案的应当在规定的时间内向当事人送达不予受理裁定书。对于这个问题，其实修改后的民事诉讼法已经解决，接下来要做的就是严格依法办事。要做到这一点，首先应当在第一次收到立案材料之日向当事人出具收到立案材料的凭证，以此作为立案审查的起至时间依据，逾期则当事人有权向上级法院反映或者请求同级人民检察院提出检察建议。
二、排期不均衡、分流不科学
均衡排期也就是均衡分案。均衡排期首要的讲求及时性。对此应当做到以下几点：
（一）立案庭可以按照民事诉讼法的规定先行调解，但应当以一次为限。如果一方无调解意向或者一次调解不能达成协议，应当及时排期开庭，并将先行调解中双方当事人的意见和分歧向主审法官进行说明，或制作书面说明随案移送，不应久调不开庭，甚至为了庭前调解而延期开庭。立案庭必须给审判阶段留足充足的审限审理和调处案件。实践中有的案件在交给承办人手中时已接近审限尾声，甚至已超审限。这种现象危害极大，必须杜绝。
（二）建立健全案件繁简分流和速裁工作机制，加大简易程序适用力度，缩短办案周期。简易程序能够有效缩短办案周期，节省司法资源，提高审判效率，要充分发挥简易程序的积极作用，基层人民法院应当严格执行法律关于适用简易程序审理案件的规定。派出的法庭基本上适用简易程序审理案件，基层法院适用简易程序审结的案件如果能占到多半数以上，就不难做到均衡结案。严格规范简易程序向普通程序转化的途径，避免简易程序普通审现象的发生。
对复杂案件及简易案件实行单列分案制度，要避免某些法官集中审理简易案件、某些法官集中审理复杂案件的现象，亦或者将一个复杂案件按照两个简易案件对待，合理安排各个法官的工作量。避免给集中审理复杂案件的法官造成的巨大的办案压力和消极情绪。
三、案件延期随意性太大
一年365天，去掉10天的法定节假日和104天的双假日，只有251天的工作时间（这还不包括少数民族地区的法定节假日），再关掉集中学习的时间，实际工作时间就更少。加上民事诉讼法规定必须给当事人一定时间的答辩期，开庭三日前通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人，无形中又损失了诸多天数。所以案件一旦排期后，不宜轻易延期。
实践中延期的情况有：1.当事人申请。当事人因病、参加葬礼等事宜申请延期，符合人之常情的，又能提供正规医院的诊断证明、住院证明、病危病亡通知书等证明的，可以准许。不能提供证明的，不予准许。2.律师申请。代理律师以代理的其它案件在其他法院开庭，即案件冲突为由申请延期。对此应不予准许。3.需要调查、提交新的证据，通知新的证人、鉴定人到庭而申请延期。对此应审查根据现有的证据结合双方当事人的陈述能否查明案件事实，如果能够查明，即无需同意该申请。
四、庭前准备不充分
庭前准备不充分，就可能使本可以一次开庭审理终结的案件用两次甚至多次开庭审理，延长了审理周期，影响了审判效率。庭前准备工作既有审判庭的责任，又有立案庭的责任，而尤以立案庭为重。这项工作涉及到庭室之间的配合，配合默契，则事半功倍。如果配合不默契，甚至互相掣肘，则事倍功半。根据本人的经验，立案庭和审判庭在立案审查、排期、庭前准备阶段应当共同做好以下几个方面：
（一）通知当事人到庭应当尽量用书面方式，用非书面方式要留好证据。按普通程序审理的案件和简易转普通的案件，不能用简便方式传唤。由于法官不能自己证明自己已经完成了上述程序，故应当书面方式，对于电话通知的应当采用电话录音予以固定，对于留置送达的必须有所在单位、社区、居委会、村委会、邻居等见证签名，或者录像。否则在当事人未到庭的情况下，由于不能证明业已合法送达开庭传票，必须重新传唤，而不能适用缺席审理或者按撤诉处理方式结案，否则即为错案。
（二）由于民事诉讼法规定当事人对鉴定意见有异议或者人民法院认为鉴定人有必要出庭的，鉴定人应当出庭作证。因此，在立案审查时，如果已知原告自行申请司法鉴定的，应当责令其提交鉴定意见书复印件，并将鉴定意见书复印件与起诉书副本一并送达被告，以送达笔录等书面形式明确告知被告若申请鉴定人出庭必须在开庭前几日内提起书面申请并预交相关费用，逾期不再受理该申请。这样做即可避免因当事人当庭提出申请而延期审理。在审判阶段，人民法院委托司法鉴定的，也应当在再次开庭前先向当事人送达鉴定意见书，同时做出上述告知。
（三）离婚案件中原告要求分割财产的，应当责令原告在起诉状后附财产清单。人身损害赔偿案件中，应当责令原告在起诉状后附赔偿清单，赔偿清单应明确各项赔偿费用的计算标准和方式。为什么呢？这是因为附件是起诉状的一部分，如果没有向对方当事人送达清单，就是送达起诉状不完整，对方当庭提出答辩期要求是合理的。如果没有清单或者清单上仍然只有笼统的数据，则一来浪费庭审时间，可能导致当日安排的庭审时间内不能审理结束；二来在他人代书且无代理人出庭的情况下，原告可能无法当庭做出合理的解释和说明，使得庭审无法进行。根据民事诉讼法规定的起诉条件，起诉必须有具体的诉讼请求。本人认为，对于上述案件，如果原告给提出一个笼统的数字而没有附注计算标准和方式，可视为诉讼请求不具体，不符合起诉条件。
（四）当事人人数众多的案件，法律关系复杂的案件，可能用半天时间不能完成庭审的话，应安排在上午开庭。如果安排在下午开庭，当天庭审不能结束，必然延期。立案庭不好把握的，可以和审判庭沟通。
（五）向当事人送达诉讼权利义务告知书或诉讼指南，如果当事人是文盲或者文化程度不高，考虑对重要内容以通俗易懂的语言进行口头告知。通常出现的情况是，有的当事人连最起码的法庭举证责任都不懂，明明有证据却不知道开庭时带证据到庭，或者只带复印件不带原件。此种情况下，如果简单地以无证据支持为由驳回其诉讼请求，当事人必然上诉，上诉后提交了证据，必然改判。否则，只有延期开庭。
（六）遗漏当事人或错列当事人，该追加当事人的没有追加，该变更当事人的没有变更。这个问题即使在审判阶段被发现也因为受答辩期的限制而不能如期开庭。所以在受理案件时，至迟在排期开庭前应当将该追加或变更的当事人追加或变更、送达到位。常见的追加、变更当事人的情形如下：1.受害人死亡的侵权案件，只有部分近亲属提起诉讼的；2.存在共有人的财产损害赔偿案件，只有部分共有人提起诉讼的；3.继承案件，只有部分继承人提起诉讼的；4.存在多个侵权人的人身损害赔偿案件，原告只起诉部分侵权人的；5.诉讼事项为自然人独资的公司法人行为，未以公司名义起诉而以法定代表人的名义起诉的；或者未以公司为被告起诉而以法定代表人为被告起诉的。等等。对于上述情况，应当及时释明。释明后，及时追加、变更。
五、案卷移交不及时规范
做好一审、二审和再审案卷移交工作，明确移交期限，统一移交方式，落实移交责任，解决案卷移交难的问题。建立案件审理期限定期通报制度。对违反诉讼法规定，超过审理期限或者违反本规定的情况进行通报。建立审理期限届满前的催办制度。严格执行《最高人民法院关于严格执行案件审理期限制度的若干规定》（法释[2000]29号）。按照这一规定，改变管辖的刑事、民事、行政案件，应当在收到案卷材料后的三日内立案。立案机构应当在决定立案的三日内将案卷材料移送审判庭。下级人民法院接到上级人民法院调卷通知后，应当在五日内将全部案卷和证据移送，至迟不超过十日。等等。
六、解决问题方法
